The Storm For nearly four years I lived like this, growing sugar and tobacco. But as my wealth increased, became restless. When some other planters asked me to go with them to Guinea to collect Africans to work on our land, I agreed. They offered to provide the ship, and share the prisoners with me. … Read more
My First Voyage: A great journey with family I was born in York in 1632 of a good family. My father had come to England from Bremen; he did well in business and married and as mother. Her name was Robinson, so my name is Robinson Kreutzner. As that word is difficult to say in … Read more
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The Pros and Cons of Reprisals in the Workplace Like military necessity, the doctrine of reprisals can justify setting aside the protection that is normally afforded to innocents under the international laws of war. Reprisals constitute the traditional remedy for belligerents against whom war crimes have been committed. Reprisals are conducted either to deter further … Read more
The Importance Of The Military: A Comprehensive Guide In our previous discussions, we noted that part of the reason why nations have been remiss in prosecuting those who commit war crimes is that the laws prohibiting certain actions of war such as those against the intentional killing of noncombatants contain so many caveats that it … Read more
The Responsibility for War Crimes: Who Is To Blame? H.L.A. Hart notes that even though it is the internal point of view rather than sanctions that provides the primary motive for obedience to laws, sanctions are still necessary to motivate into conformity those who take an external point of view toward laws and do not … Read more
Moral Issues in War: A Systematic Analysis In the last chapter I argued that if the Just War Tradition and the laws that formalize parts of it are going to ameliorate the tragedy of war, there will have to be an increased emphasis on promulgating the prescriptions and prohibitions contained in these laws. In this … Read more
International Law Issues The Just War Tradition that Grotius researched and articulated so carefully in his great corpus juris on international law began to be formally declared as positive law in the nineteenth century. In 1862 President Lincoln directed that a code of rules be developed for the conduct of the Civil War. As a … Read more
Hugo Grotius and the War of Justice Chap#6 Part 1 With these words [on intentions] you may rightly associate the passage of Augustine: “The eager desire to injure, the cruelty of rebellion, the lust of ruling, and whatever else it is akin, these are vengeance, the unappeased and unappeasable mind, the savagery of the things … Read more
Hugo Grotius and the Just War Grotius’s effort to establish a concise corpus of international law for the conduct of war represents the culmination of a thousand years of gradually reducing moral principles to objective criteria. Grotius realized, however, the impossibility of a completely objective standard of justice; for the conduct of human affairs, even … Read more